Pygame如何绘制一个小人在窗口内移动
利用·pygame.draw模块可以绘制一些简单的图像，但是这只是一些静态图像。只有可以对这些图像进行操作才会产生游戏性，我们怎样可以实现利用键盘控制图像使它移动呢？
函数实现
首先，图像的移动本质其实就是点的移动。可以根据一个参考点绘制出相对应的图像，改变参考点的坐标就可以实现图像的整体移动。
# 传入左上角的位置坐标
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
def drawMan(left, top):
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+30), 30, 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+60), (left+50, yop+140), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+140), (left, top+200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+140), (left+100, top+200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+100), (left, top+60), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (left+50, top+100), (left+100, top+60), 2)
类实现
利用以上函数就可以通过控制左上角的位置坐标来实现小人的移动，但是这样要进行其他的操作就比较困难，那么如果我们可以把这个图像绘制在另外一个Surface对象上，那么就会比较容易一些。这个时候我们就可以使用pygame中的pygame.sprite.Sprite精灵类，精灵可以看作是一个屏幕上的图形对象，并且可以实现移动等一系列操作。如何使用可以参考官方文档：官方文档链接
最简单的一个继承pygame.sprite.Sprite精灵类的实现方法（来源于官方文档）：
class Block(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# Constructor. Pass in the color of the block,
# and its x and y position
def __init__(self, color, width, height):
# Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create an image of the block, and fill it with a color.
# This could also be an image loaded from the disk.
self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
self.image.fill(color)
# Fetch the rectangle object that has the dimensions of the image
# Update the position of this object by setting the values of rect.x and rect.y
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
模仿这样的模式可以将我们需要的类创建出来：
class man(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# 移动速度
movespeed = 5
def __init__(self, bgcolor, initial_pos, bound):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface((100, 200))
self.image.fill(bgcolor)
pygame.draw.circle(self.image, BLACK, (50, 30), 30, 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 60), (50, 140), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 140), (0, 200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 140), (100, 200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 100), (0, 60), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 100), (100, 60), 2)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = initial_pos
self.bound = bound
# 表示小人移动的范围，四元列表，分别表示左边界，右边界，上边界，下边界
# 移动函数
def Moveleft(self):
if self.rect.left - self.movespeed >= self.bound[0]:
self.rect.left -= self.movespeed
elif self.rect.left - self.movespeed < self.bound[0]:
self.rect.left = self.bound[0]
def Moveright(self):
if self.rect.right + self.movespeed <= self.bound[1]:
self.rect.right += self.movespeed
elif self.rect.right + self.movespeed > self.bound[1]:
self.rect.right = self.bound[1]
def Moveup(self):
if self.rect.top - self.movespeed >= self.bound[2]:
self.rect.top -= self.movespeed
elif self.rect.top - self.movespeed < self.bound[2]:
self.rect.top = self.bound[2]
def Movedown(self):
if self.rect.bottom + self.movespeed <= self.bound[3]:
self.rect.bottom += self.movespeed
elif self.rect.bottom + self.movespeed > self.bound[3]:
self.rect.bottom = self.bound[3]
完整代码：
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
FPS = 60
WINDOWWIDTH = 1000
WINDOWHEIGHT = 800
SIZE = (WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT)
BOUND = (0, 0, WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0 ,0)
RED = (255,0,0)
class man(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
movespeed = 5
def __init__(self, bgcolor, initial_pos, bound):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface((100, 200))
self.image.fill(bgcolor)
pygame.draw.circle(self.image, BLACK, (50, 30), 30, 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 60), (50, 140), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 140), (0, 200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 140), (100, 200), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 100), (0, 60), 2)
pygame.draw.line(self.image, BLACK, (50, 100), (100, 60), 2)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.topleft = initial_pos
self.bound = bound
# 表示小人移动的范围，四元列表，分别表示左边界，右边界，上边界，下边界
def Moveleft(self):
if self.rect.left - self.movespeed >= self.bound[0]:
self.rect.left -= self.movespeed
elif self.rect.left - self.movespeed < self.bound[0]:
self.rect.left = self.bound[0]
def Moveright(self):
if self.rect.right + self.movespeed <= self.bound[1]:
self.rect.right += self.movespeed
elif self.rect.right + self.movespeed > self.bound[1]:
self.rect.right = self.bound[1]
def Moveup(self):
if self.rect.top - self.movespeed >= self.bound[2]:
self.rect.top -= self.movespeed
elif self.rect.top - self.movespeed < self.bound[2]:
self.rect.top = self.bound[2]
def Movedown(self):
if self.rect.bottom + self.movespeed <= self.bound[3]:
self.rect.bottom += self.movespeed
elif self.rect.bottom + self.movespeed > self.bound[3]:
self.rect.bottom = self.bound[3]
def main():
global screen
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
screen.fill(WHITE)
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
Man = man(WHITE, (50,100), (0, WINDOWWIDTH, 0, WINDOWHEIGHT))
screen.blit(Man.image, Man.rect)
pygame.display.update()
while True:
# 如果想要长按一直移动，不能根据KEYDOWN事件执行操作，那样按一次按键只能动一次
# 可以使用pygame中的key.get_pressed()函数
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
terminate()
if keys[K_ESCAPE]:
terminate()
if keys[K_a] or keys[K_LEFT]:
Man.Moveleft()
if keys[K_d] or keys[K_RIGHT]:
Man.Moveright()
if keys[K_s] or keys[K_DOWN]:
Man.Movedown()
if keys[K_w] or keys[K_UP]:
Man.Moveup()
screen.fill(WHITE)
screen.blit(Man.image, Man.rect)
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def terminate():
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
效果：
