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动词的过去式怎么构成?

解:

一、规则动词的过去式变化如下:

1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:

work---worked

play---played

wanted----wanted

act----acted

2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:

live---lived

move----moved

taste---tasted

hope---hoped

3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:

study---studied

copy---copied

cry---cried

carry---carried

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:

beg---begged

drip---dripped

dot---dotted

drop---dropped

二、不规则动词的过去式的构成

1、把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

begin(开始)—began

drink(喝)—drank

give(给)—gave

ring(按铃)—rang

sing(唱)—sang

sit(坐)—sat

swim(游泳)—swam

2、把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive(驾车)—drove

ride(骑)—rode

rise(升起)--rose

shine(发光)--shone/shined

write(写)—wrote

win(获胜)--won(这是闭音节的i改为o)

3、改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

draw(画)—drew

grow(生长)—grew

know(知道)—knew

throw(扔)—threw

(动词show除外,show—showed)

4、动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

get(获得)—got

forget(忘记)—forgot

5、动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:

feed(喂)—fed

meet(遇见)—met

6、动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

keep(保存)—kept

sleep(睡觉)—slept

sweep(扫)—swept

7、动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

break(打碎)—broke

speak(说话)—spoke

8、动词原形中的ake改为ook,变成过去式。如:

shake(摇动)--shook

take(拿走)—took

9、动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

sell(卖)—sold

tell(告诉)—told

10、动词原形中的eel或ell改为elt,变成过去式。如:

feel(感到)—felt

smell(闻)--smelt/smelled

spell(拼写)-- spelt

11、动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

stand(站)—stood

understand(理解)—understood

12、以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:

bring(带来)—brought

buy(买)—bought

think(想)—thought

catch(捕捉)—caught

teach(教)—taught

13、以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can(能)—could

shall(应该)—should

will(将来)—would

14、把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:

come(来)—came

become(变成)—became

15、把动词原形中结尾的e去掉,变成过去式。如:

hide(躲藏)--hid

slide(滑动)--slid

16、把动词原形中的d改为t,变成过去式。如:

build(建筑)—built

lend(借出)--lent

send(寄)--sent

spend(花费)--spent

17、在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

dream(做梦) —dreamt / dreamed

hear〔hi 〕(听见)—heard〔h :d〕

learn(学)--learnt / learned

pay(支付)--paid

say〔sei〕(说)—said〔sed〕

mean〔mi:n〕(意思是)—meant〔ment〕

18、动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:

cost(花费)—cost

cut(切)—cut

hit(打击)--hit

hurt(伤害)--hurt

let(让)—let

must(必须)—must

put(放)—put

read(读)—read〔red〕

set(放置)--set

19、不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

am,is(是)—was

are(是)—were

choose(选择)- chose

do(做)—did

eat(吃)—ate

fall(落下)—fell

find(找到)—found

fly(飞)—flew

go(去)—went

hang(悬挂)--hung

have/has(有)— had

hold(握住)—held

leave(离开)—left

make(制造)—made

may(可能)—might

run(跑)—ran

see(看见)—saw

wake(醒)--woke/waked

wear(穿)--wore