0. 切换到管理员角色

su root
Password:

1. 下载安装MariaDB

2. 启动MariaDB服务

3. 设置默认开机启动

4. 测试是否成功启动

[root@localhost /]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 
Server version: -MariaDB MariaDB Server

5. 运行一次mysql_secure_installation安全配置向导

[root@localhost /]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line : find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

\#由于一开始安装MariaDB数据库后, root用户默认密码为空, 所以只需要按Enter键
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

\#是否设置root用户的新密码
Set root password? [Y/n] y

\#录入新密码
New password:

\#确认新密码
Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

\#是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

\#是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

\#是否删除test数据库
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.


\#是否重新加载权限表
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

6. 开放端口

[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --reload

7. 开放远程连接

#登录mysql

#任何远程主机都可以访问数据库

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';

#使修改生效

mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

8. 修改编码为UTF-8

[mysqld] 
character-set-server=utf8  

# 查看数据库编码

[root@localhost /]# mysql -uroot -p
......
mysql> show variables like 'character%';