SQL相关操作
创建一个test库
create database test;
授权一个用户
grant all privileges on *.* to 'yangjian'@'%' identified by '1qaz@WSX';
创建表
create table student(id int not null);
查询
select * from tabel_name where 条件1 and 条件2;
增加
insert into table_name (id, name, age, sex, grander) values (1, 'yangjian', 25, 'M', 99), (2, 'zhangsan', 45, 'F', 88);
更改
update table_name set id=10 where 条件判断语句;
删除
delete from table_name where 条件判断语句; drop table table_name; # 删除表
联合查询
select a.id, b.name from A a join B b on a.id=b.tid;
创建索引
create index idx_库名_表名_列名1_列名2 (列名1, 列名2);
查看sql是否走索引
explain select * from student where name='yangjian';
连接数据库
Python2 使用的是MySQLdb
python3 使用的pymysql pip安装
1. 创建连接和游标
注意:在mysql连接中,尽量使用一个连接,确保mysql的并发数
conn = pymysql.connect(host='', port=, user='', passwd='', db='') cus = conn.cursor()
2. 执行sql
sql = "select * from Student;" cus.execute(sql) cus.fetchone() 获取单个 返回值 tuple cus.fetchall() 获取多个 返回值 list(单个元素是tuple) cus.fetchmany(size=n) 获取多个
3. 关闭游标和连接
cus.close()
conn.close()
注意结合try exception finally的使用
SQLAlchemy
1. 创建引擎
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://username:password@hostname:port/db')
2. 创建session
DBsession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = DBsession()
3.创建表
a. 获得engine b. metadata = MetaData(engine) c. student = Table('表名', metadata, Colume('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Colume('name', String(50)) d. metadata.create_all()
4.增加
a. 先要有一个模型
Base = declarative_base(0 class Student(Base): __tablename__ = 'student' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(100), primary_key=True)
b. 导入模型类,实例化该类
sutdent1 = Student(1, 'yangjian')
c. session.add(单实例) session.add_all([实例1, 实例2])
5. 查询
filter和filter_by的区别
filter:可以使用> < 等,但是列必须是: 表.列, filter的等于号是== session.query(Student).filter(Student.id>100) filter 不支持组合查询 session.query(Student).filter(Studnet.id>100).filter(name=='yangjian')
filter_by: 可以直接写列,不支持< > filter_by 等于是== session.query(Student).filter_by(id==10) filter_by 支持组合查询 session.query(Student).filter_by(name=='yangjian' and id=='342') select * from student where name like '%yangjian%';
模糊查询
模糊查询含有yang的关键字
session.query(Student).filter(Student.name.like('%ling%'))
获取数据的时候有两个方法:
one() tuple
all() list(单个元素是tuple)
session.query(Student).filter(Student.name like('%ling%')).one() session.query(Student).filter(Student.name like('%ling%')).all()
如果在查询中不写one(), 或者all() 出来的就是sql语句
6. 更新
a. 先查出来
b. 更新一下类所对应的属性值就可以
c. 提交一下session.commit()
student1 = session.query(Student).filter(Student.id==1001) student1.name = "test" session.commit()
7. 删除
a. 先查出来
b. 直接调用delete()方法就可以
c. 提交一下
session.query(Student).filter(Student.id == 10001).delete()
8.统计, 分组,排序
统计:count()
只需要在查出来以后, 把one或者all替换成count()
session.query(Student).filter(Student.name.like("%ng%")).count()
分组:group_by
查出来以后,把one或者all替换成group_by(属性)
session.query(Student).filter(Student.name.like("%yang%")).order_by(Student.id.desc()).all() #按降序排序
下面是一个完整的连接数据库以及增删改查例子:
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Integer, String, Column from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker Base = declarative_base() class Student(Base): __tablename__ = 'student' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(100)) age = Column(Integer) address = Column(String(100))
# 更新函数 def update(session): student1 = session.query(Student).filter(Student.id == 1001).one() student1.name='test123' session.commit() student2 = session.query(Student).filter(Student.id == 1001).one() print(student2.name)
# 删除函数 def delete(session): session.query(Student).filter(Student.id == 1001).delete() session.commit()
# 插入函数 def insert(session): student1 = Student(id=1004, name='yangjian', age=28, address='chengdu') session.add(student1) session.commit()
# 统计函数 def count(session): numnber = session.query(Student).filter().count() print("total student is {0}".format(numnber))
# 分组函数 def groupBy(session): groupByAge = session.query(Student).group_by(Student.age).all() print(groupByAge) for i in groupByAge: print(i.id, i.name, i.age, i.address)
# 排序函数 def orderBy(session): orderByAge = session.query(Student).order_by(Student.age.desc()).all() for x in orderByAge: print(x.id, x.name, x.age, x.address) # 主函数 def main(): engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://yangjian:[email protected]/sqlalchemy') DBsession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = DBsession() insert(session) # 增加 # update(session) # 修改 # delete(session) # 删除 # count(session) # 统计 # groupBy(session) # 分组 #orderBy(session) # 排序 if __name__ == '__main__': main()