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本文将介绍如何使用 C 语言操作 Oracle 数据库。在实际应用中,我们常常需要对数据进行读写操作,并且 Oracle 数据库在大型应用中被广泛使用。因此,掌握 C 语言对 Oracle 数据库的操作技巧是很有必要的。

首先,我们需要先连接到我们的 Oracle 数据库。这个连接过程可以通过使用 Oracle 提供的 OCI(Oracle Call Interface)库来实现。以下是一个连接到数据库的示例代码:

OCIEnv *envhp;
OCIServer *srvhp;
OCIError *errhp;
OCISession *usrhp;
OCIEnvCreate(&envhp, OCI_ENV_DEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void **)&srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, 0, NULL);
OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void **)&errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, 0, NULL);
OCIServerAttach(srvhp, errhp, (text *)"dbname", strlen("dbname"), OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void **)&usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, NULL);
OCIAttrSet(usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (void *)"username", strlen("username"), OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhp);
OCIAttrSet(usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (void *)"password", strlen("password"), OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhp);
OCISessionBegin(srvhp, errhp, usrhp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCISessionEnd(srvhp, errhp, usrhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIServerDetach(srvhp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIHandleFree(usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
OCIHandleFree(srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
OCIHandleFree(errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
OCIHandleFree(envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);

接下来,我们需要使用 SQL 语言来对数据库进行操作。在 C 语言中,我们可以使用 OCIStmtPrepare、OCIStmtExecute 和 OCIStmtFetch 等函数来执行 SQL 语句。例如,以下是一段 C 代码,可以执行一条查询语句并输出结果:

OCIStmt *stmthp;
OCIParam *paramhp;
ub4 rowcount;
char sqlstmt[256];
sprintf(sqlstmt, "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = :id");
OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void **)&stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, 0, NULL);
OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp, errhp, (text *)sqlstmt, strlen(sqlstmt), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIParamGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, errhp, (void **)&paramhp, 1);
OCINumber y;
OCINumberFromInt(errhp, &y, sizeof(int), OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, &id);
OCIAttrSet(paramhp, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &y, sizeof(y), OCI_ATTR_VALUE, errhp);
OCIExecute(stmthp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIAttrGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &rowcount, sizeof(rowcount), OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, errhp);
OCIStmtFetch(stmthp, errhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT);
int col1, col2;
OCIAttrGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &col1, sizeof(col1), OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, errhp);
OCIAttrGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &col2, sizeof(col2), OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, errhp);
printf("Result: %d %d", col1, col2);
OCIHandleFree(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);

除了查询操作,我们还可以通过使用 OCIStmtPrepare、OCIStmtExecute 和 OCIStmtFetch 等函数来执行增加、修改和删除等操作。以下是一段 C 代码,可以执行一条插入语句:

OCIStmt *stmthp;
OCIParam *paramhp;
ub4 rowcount;
char sqlstmt[256];
sprintf(sqlstmt, "INSERT INTO mytable (col1, col2) VALUES (:c1, :c2)");
OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void **)&stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, 0, NULL);
OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp, errhp, (text *)sqlstmt, strlen(sqlstmt), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIParamGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, errhp, (void **)&paramhp, 1);
OCINumber y;
OCINumberFromInt(errhp, &y, sizeof(int), OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, &c1);
OCIAttrSet(paramhp, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &y, sizeof(y), OCI_ATTR_VALUE, errhp);
OCIParamGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, errhp, (void **)&paramhp, 2);
OCINumber z;
OCINumberFromInt(errhp, &z, sizeof(int), OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, &c2);
OCIAttrSet(paramhp, OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, &z, sizeof(z), OCI_ATTR_VALUE, errhp);
OCIExecute(stmthp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
OCIAttrGet(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, &rowcount, sizeof(rowcount), OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, errhp);
OCIHandleFree(stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);

综上所述,使用 C 语言进行 Oracle 数据库操作需要使用 OCI 库提供的函数来完成连接和执行 SQL 语句等基本操作。我们可以通过代码中的示例来理解这些函数的用法,并进行相应的应用。